Essay on Law Enforcement Must Read Your Miranda Rights

Miranda Rights defined as: Miranda rights, is a warning giving by the police in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody before they are interrogated to preserve the admissibility of their statements against them in criminal proceedings. Also Miranda rights are utilized by the law enforcement to make you aware of your rights as a US citizen. Many people think just because the law enforcement doesn’t read you your rights they think they are off the hook â€Å"WRONG† that doesn’t mean anything it just means that the prosecutor can’t use anything the suspect says as evidence against the suspect at trial. Did you know that The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of silence? This means that†¦show more content†¦Evidence for questioning at that time can be used against them in court. Once taken into custody, a suspect has to be read his/her rights. In many cases criminals have gotten released for improper handling of Miranda rights, and in the reverse many have served time for crimes not committed with mishandling of a person’s rights and evidence at crime scenes. MIRANDA RIGHTS THE FIFTH AMENDMENT 1. You have the right to remain silent. 2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. 3. You have the right to talk to a lawyer and have him/her present with you while you are being questioned. 4. If you cannot afford to hire a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning if you wish. 5. You can decide at any time to exercise these rights and not answer any questions or make any statements. Waiver Do you understand each of these rights I have explained to you? Having these rights in mind. Do you wish to talk to us now? The constitution has established 3 separate branches of federal government: The Legislative, Executive, and the judicial branch. In 1966, the U.S Supreme Court decided that when they have an historic case of Miranda Rights that was being held in Arizona vs. Miranda they are saying that is taken into custody that the law enforcement catches must be told the fifth amendment. So that they can know their self-incriminating rights as an U.S citizen. Before MirandaShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Interrogating A Suspect Before He Or She Is Arrested1572 Words   |  7 Pages MIRANDA 2 Miranda The Police have many different ways of interrogating a suspect before he or she is arrested. Some individuals feel very intimidated when being questioned by law enforcement about a crime( Mcgraw, Hill 2011). As a Chief Investigator in the criminal division of the Hardeman County Sheriff Department, it is very important that every person knowsRead MoreThe Case Of Miranda V. Arizona1695 Words   |  7 Pagespolice did not know that they had rights when being arrested. Past cases like Miranda v. Arizona helped shaped policies on the debates on basic human rights when being arrested. A police officer must have substantial reason to arrest you and read you your Miranda Rights. Specific actions, like traffic stops or a law enforcement official marching up to you and inquiring you questions are not defined as police custody. If you feel as though something you say will harm your case more than help you, thenRead MoreThe Rights Of The Miranda Rights1307 Words   |  6 PagesOn March 13 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested on charges of rape and kidnapping of an 18 year old girl. He was interrogated but was never aware that the details of his interrogation would later be used against him in his court trial. Miranda stated that he was never spoken to concerning his right to silence and council as well as the confession being used against him in his trial. He would end up being sentenced to prison, however in June 1965, his attorneys would send the case to the Supreme CourtRead MoreMiranda Warnings And The Miranda Warning976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Miranda Warning â€Å"Movie and TV shows often depict crime with a police officer handcuffing a suspect and warning him that he has the right to remain silent. While those warnings may appear clear-cut, almost 1 million criminal cases may be compromised each year in the United States at the 119th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association.†(Rogers, 2011) The Miranda warning, also known as the Miranda rights, is important and in place to inform people of their rights upon arrest. EveryoneRead MoreThe Rights Of The Criminal Justice System902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rights of its citizens, our Country established the Miranda system in order to protect the rights of individuals who go through the Criminal Justice System. Prior to the Miranda system, individuals did not receive a fair trial considering that some were forced to plead guilty for a crime that they did not commit. It wasn’t until 1964 that the Supreme Court realized that the accused rights should be protected during an interrogation. Miranda was a step forward in order to protect our rights asRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment And The United States Constitution Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution reads: â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or other wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, execpt in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himselfRead MoreEssay on The Fifth Amendment and Miranda v. Arizona1499 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney...this is what you hear on all your favorite cop shows. But, where did this saying come from? In 1963 Ernesto Miranda a ninth grade dropout (PBS) was arrested and charged with kidnaping, rape, and armed robbery. The police interrogated him for two hours. During the question Miranda supposedly admitted to all the crim es. The police then used Miranda’s confessionRead MoreThe Fifth Amendments Influence on Miranda v. Arizona1481 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney...this is what you hear on all your favorite cop shows. But, where did this saying come from? In 1963 Ernesto Miranda a ninth grade dropout (PBS) was arrested and charged with kidnaping, rape, and armed robbery. The police interrogated him for two hours. During the question Miranda supposedly admitted to all the crimes. The police then used Miranda’s confessionRead MoreSample Resume : Miranda Rights1788 Words   |  8 Pages Miranda Rights Sammy Alvarado Profr. T. Gravatt AGGE 146 11/06/2014 II. Introduction I initiated my quest for answers in the one place you can count on to get answers, Turlock Police Department. I went to the newly opened Public Safety Department. I got to the window where a nice gray haired front desk officer/attendant asked me what he could help me with. I told him, my name is Sammy Alvarado and I was a student at Modesto Junior College and wantedRead MoreThe Miranda Rule : Pros And Cons1896 Words   |  8 PagesThe Miranda Rule: The Pros and Cons When I was a young boy growing up in the sixties and seventies, I remember watching police dramas like Adam Twelve and Dragnet. I remember watching the police officers portrayed in these shows â€Å"reading the suspects their rights†, before interrogating them. Back then I didn’t understand how important those words were to American law enforcement. The Miranda rule changed the way law enforcement treated suspects in custody by forcing them to inform them of their

Accord - Grammatical French Agreement

Personality Is Not The Only Single Thing Essay - 1572 Words

Every single one of us is different. We are all unique creatures who react to certain situations in very different ways. Some people are enjoying a company of friends while others may feel comfortable alone in their own personal world of thoughts. It is a personality what influences how we think, behave and what we feel. Personality is not the only single thing. It covers a wide range of individual traits which distinguishes us from one another (Ones et al., 2005). Personality is defined as â€Å"the psychological qualities that influence an individual ´s characteristic behaviour patterns, in a stable and distinctive manner† (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013: p.186). Personality traits are characterised as internal, durable, steady and distinctive (Hampson, 1988 quoted in Woods and West, 2014). Since 1990s there has been recorded an increase in the use of personality assessment. Several profound scientists and researchers came up with conclusions that personality plays an impor tant role in a job selection and promotion procedures (Robertson and Smith, 2011). Widely accepted view by many managers is that personality is closely linked to job performance and career progress (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013). When you ask managers about the most valuable characteristics of their employees, generally the answer includes the following attributes such as reliability, ability to work under pressure, dependency and creativity (Woods and West, 2014). The main aim of this essay is to criticallyShow MoreRelatedImplication of Schizotypy as a Personality Trait Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesImplication of Schizotypy as a Personality Trait Gruzelier (1996) suggest that â€Å"schizotypy consists mainly of impulsive non-conformity, social anxiety, positive features such as unusual perceptions, and negative features such as introversions.† (Cited in Miller P, et al. 2002, p.179). In this essay one would like to explore the definition given to ‘schizotypy’ and to give a brief discussion on this concept and whether schizotypy is a single trait or whether there are moreRead MoreThe Conflict Of Oedipus Oedipus Rex 945 Words   |  4 Pagesto choose, but I was genuinely interested in his take on why we dream the things we do and what they mean. I feel like Freud is the first psychologist who really made an impact on psychoanalysis and that they other people who came after him really used him and his theories to really build their own. I also found it interesting how his book ‘The Interpretation Of Dreams’ was at initially at first considered a failure and only had 351 copies sold until the second edition was published in the early 1900’sRead MoreResearch Supporting As Attraction Selection Attrition Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Saying that a great deal of thought and effort has been made to understand what personalities blend with what corporate cultures is an understatement. Even in only the last half-century, immense studies have been stumbling hopefully towards a solution that can be applied to the hiring process. Can personality be consistently observed and measured? Can personality facets be defined and eliminated from the ideal candidate, like a bad haircut, or are those facets ingrained and imperceptibleRead MoreSingle-sexed or Mix-School Debate775 Words   |  3 PagesWhich is better for children studying at single sex-school or mixed sex-school? This is the most attracting question to parents when their children have the age of education or the age when they go to school. All parents want for their children the best thing in all life, want for their children things which they can’t do it, so many decision will take on one topic. Some people see that co-education is the best way of education, co-educational is a system of education boys and girls together. BoysRead MoreThe Chief Officer Academy ( Cpoa )970 Words   |  4 Pagescontinue to grow myself into the best possible leader that I can be for Coat Guard (CG). Our time spent here at the CPOA gives us a chance to develop ourselves like no other time in our career, but only if we buy in. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Assessment allowed use to learn something about personality preferences while the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) allows use to receive unfiltered constructive feedback form over coworkers. The LPI survey we conducted before arriving to CPOA wasRead MoreThe Factors That Affect Intelligence Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pages Research Paper There are many factors that affect intelligence. Personality, how someone acts, etc†¦, but does one know that handwriting could affect intelligence as well? Scientists have said that messy handwriting could be caused by high intelligence because the brain is moving faster than the person’s hand. â€Å"Intelligence is often defined as the ability to adapt to the environment. Intelligent people can better understand what goes on around them so they can respond to it in an effective wayRead MoreShould parents assume equal responsibilities when raising a child?1330 Words   |  6 Pageschild should be shared equally between parents. One group thinks that it is essential for a child to grow up with the love and care of both parents. Meanwhile, others believe that child raising should be shared in a way that suits the family. While single parents argue that even without one parent they can give their children the needed love and care. The first point of view about whether parents should assume equal responsibilities when raising a child is that a child should be raised with allRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesour true personality in order to be accepted, and have imitated other people. A person’s personality changes as they are exposed to different situations. Since the person changed, one will find a new way to deal with different situations. After, they might influence their friends to change as well. However, the changes could be on the good side or the bad side. This is how nurture changes us over time. Nurture is the environment that we live in and is the dominant factor of one’s personality. ThroughRead MoreShould Parents Assume Equal Responsibility When Raising a Child?1582 Words   |  7 Pagesraisin should be shared equally between parents. A group of people think that is essential for a child to grow up with the love and care of both parents. Some people’s opinion is that child rising should be shared in a way that suits the family. While single parents argue that even without one parent they can give their children the needed love and care. The first point of view about whether parents should assume equal responsibilities when raising a child is that a child should be raised with allRead MoreMy Family Essay768 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Family: a group consisting of parents and children living together in a household.† In 2017 we have several different types of families. In current times, single families are not the majority type of family. Stepfamilies and single families dominate. Luckily, I have been blessed with the fact that my parents are still together, making my family a â€Å"traditional† family. Of course my family has had a positive effect on me. They helped form me into the person I am today. Like every other family, we

Three Mini Essays - 1392 Words

The Sound of a Voice by David Henry Hwang is a play that tells the story of two people embroiled in a love affair that is marked by secrets, emotional distance, dishonesty, and ultimately, tragedy. The two characters, a Japanese man and woman who are probably both in their fifties, fall in love but do not even reveal their names to each other. The nine acts of The Sound of a Voice are set entirely in the womans home. The man character is a visitor in the woman characters home. The woman serves the man tea and a meal and invites him to stay as long as [hed] like. (Hwang 2000) The man decides to stay, at the very least for another day, in spite of the rumors he has heard that other visitors to the womans home have never left.†¦show more content†¦She holds tight to beautiful memories of past lovers as she gazes upon her lovely and fragile flowers. The man steals a flower from the womans vase and looks at it intermittently throughout the play, his eyes filled with rapture because the flower reminds him of the woman. Her death is foretold by the death and decay of this flower. The fact of the flowers death also indicates that this relationship is doomed from the very beginning to death and decay. The shakuhatchi, a Japanese flute, is also a symbol that is fraught with meaning. The man overhears the woman playing her flute and marvels at how well she plays. She eagerly offers to play for him at any time, as a substitute for her feelings that she is too scared to reveal. In Scene Six, the woman is transformed in the mans eyes from merely attractive to incredibly beautiful, as she carries her vase of flowers accompanied by the sound of her flute. This is the moment that the man fully realizes his passion for the woman. The conclusion of The Sound of a Voice is cataclysmic and shocking. The ending conveys that trying to love or be loved is futile; its meaning is that love will only cause pain. The symbolism throughout the story supports this mea ning. The play is full of objects that are beautiful but convey mistrust and death, such as using flute music as a substitute for emotion, and the withering flowers.Show MoreRelated From Description to Analysis765 Words   |  4 Pages students for the most part have understood how to present a central argument for their papers, but they do not write in such a way that their argument pervades the essay assignment. Because composition teachers rely on a distinction between arguments and evidence, students often do not see how their evidence (the bulk of their essay) can be anything but descriptive, non-analytic, and transparently factual. For example, students often present characters speech as communicating their own (the students)Read MoreThe Ethics Of The Health Care Leaves Students With The Challenge Of Gaining Academic Writing Styles1100 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents do not know how to correctly form and present an essay, problems may occur in the form of plagiarism, leaving the academic paper ineffective. An academic essay with no structure is as ineffective as one without the right process, both are need for an academic paper to be successful. Many institutions and credible literature have their own definition of what an academic essay is. The guidelines in Dartmouth College describe an essay as being similar to a newspaper editorial in the way thatRead MoreEssay on All That Jazz1115 Words   |  5 Pages(formula) for the successful organization and development of an argumentative essay as well as the framework for a formal outline that you can and should use for each of your essays. Print out the final pages and fill in the info by hand so that you can see how your body paragraphs are organized. Note though, that your essay might have more than four body paragraphs. Please recall that formal outlines must accompany each essay you write, but note that the basic formula TEMPLATE provided does not haveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article A Classic Format For Piano 1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Five-Paragraph Essay # A classic format for compositions is the five-paragraph essay. It is not the only format for writing an essay, of course, but it is a useful model for you to keep in mind, especially as you begin to develop your composition skills. The following material is adapted from a handout prepared by Harry Livermore for his high school English classes at Cook High School in Adel, Georgia. It is used here with his permission. Introduction: Introductory Paragraph See, first, WritingRead MoreNurse Communication1326 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Australian Oxford Mini Dictionary as the sharing or imparting of information (2010, p. 102). The ability to communicate effectively with patients is important in establishing a therapeutic relationship that will contribute to their care needs, both physically and emotionally (Stein-Parbury, 2009, p. 9). This essay is about the communication skills used by Nurse Gwen during a consultation with Mrs Smith in scenario two. Throughout the essay, it will identify three types of communication skillsRead MoreLearning New Vocabulary At Parkview Middle School972 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents are classified with an emotional disability, one is classified other health impaired and one is classified with autism. The participants included nine male students and three female students. Three students were enrolled in sixth grade, three in seventh grade and six students were enrolled in eighth grade. Three students w ere African American, one Hispanic, and eight white students. Data Collection The data was collected during the study were included the following: A Likert survey on preconceptionsRead MoreHow Creative A Person Is?1560 Words   |  7 Pages There are many methods used to measure how creative a person is, therefore, within this essay I will focus on a few methods by giving informative descriptions and providing a range of sources to back up these methods validity. Creativity is the ability to excel established ideas, rules, systems, relationships and to generate important new ideas, methods, explanations etc. The effectiveness of each measure of creativity effectively conducted in different experiments using different methods. The resultsRead MoreEvaluation Of An Individual Assessment Scale1682 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy personality and individual differences at Griffith University in 2016. The one HEXACO trait, which is discussed in this essay, is Extroversion, and the one RST trait discussed is the revised Behavioural Activation System (BAS). The mini-IPIP is a 24-item measure of six broad personality dimensions, inspired by the HEXACO model. Therefore, the Mini-IPIP6 extends the Mini-IPIP to assess the six broad-bandwidth personality dimensions of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and OpennessRead MoreEssay on Dbq Mini Q Renaissance Hq Student Fi2066 Words   |  9 PagesRenaissance Mini-Q Class Name ( hour): Name: How Did the Renaissance Change Mans View of Man? †¢ Overview: The word renai ssance means rebirth or revival. In world history, the Renaissance is used to describe a period in Europe that began around the year 1400 and lasted until about 1700. Thanks in large part to the scientific and cultural advances made during this time , people saw them ­ selves in a new way. The impact of the Renaiss ance was powerful and has endured for centuries.Read MoreCase Study: Application of Real Options to Energy Investments1718 Words   |  7 Pagesnot consider relevant project characteristics like irreversibility, uncertainty and management flexibility. They propose that the Real Options Approach (ROA) has an advantage over conventional methods. The aim of this essay is to apply real options to a renewable energy investment (mini-hydro plant) using the binomial lattice tree developed by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein. Economic evaluation of energy investments Electricity generation projects are more or less irreversible because their huge capital outlay

Attitudes to Language free essay sample

Language clearly plays a major role in all aspects of society. The most obvious is its social role of allowing people to relate to each other in all facets of their lives: to share information, emotions and ways of life. We use language as a means of navigating our daily lives and it plays an integral role in most of our interactions. Perhaps for this reason, French is regarded as an elegant and romantic language, while German is considered to be guttural. Additionally, ever since mankind evolved into different language communities, it is commonplace for people to adopt various attitudes towards the language(s) spoken by others, as well as towards the dialects of the language they speak. These attitudes are motivated by different factors, including pride in or shame regarding one’s own language, confidence or embarrassment about how one sounds, nationalism and a sense of personal dignity, one’s status and values as well as the prestige some languages are given in international interactions. We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes to Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A well known attitude is the desire for foreign speech patterns; another is the rejection of certain dialects. People form impressions of your personality, emotional state, geographic origin, education, experiences, age or socioeconomic status from the language you use and the way you use it. We often witness the amusement of an audience when someone speaks in the creole, for not only does the system of sound evoke laughter, but the assumption that the speaker is an uneducated serf is then made. Ridicule and contempt for the vernacular, creoles and dialects are common responses from some members of society, even within the Caribbean society, where dialects are rich, strong and the first language. Dialects develop under various circumstances as well as geographical locations and are varieties of languages. A creole could be a dialect within a language. Because of our history, people of the region tend to place a high premium on the standard languages (the language of power and economic might). Many  people believe that upward mobility is largely dependent on one’s ability to fit in with the predominant socioeconomic class, and language is the main signifier of this fit. Many Caribbean writers have described scenarios of people who went overseas, were generally expected to return with a new command of the target language and often demonstrated their new found ‘status’ by emphasizing their foreign accent of ‘twang’. While some might be impress ed by the ‘twang’, others view such pretensions with derision. Attitudes to language may vary from one sector of the society to another and some people demonstrate self-conscious behavior when speaking the standard language. This is largely a result of the fact that in most societies one is often judged on the basis of the variety of language that one speaks. This is even more prevalent in societies with a colonial legacy, like the Caribbean, where certain dialects are associated with the institution of slavery or conquest. Increasingly, educators are becoming aware that a person’s native language is an integral part of who that person is and marginalizing the language can have severe damaging effects on that person’s psyche. Many linguists consistently make a case for teaching native languages alongside the target languages so that children can clearly differentiate among the codes ( a term used synonymously with language or dialect but generally refers to a linguistic system of communication. A code can also be non-linguistic such as a dress code or code of conduct) and hence be less likely to mix the two. This approach has been adopted in Haiti, where schools teach both Standard French and French Creole (Haitian) and children are expected to be fluent in both. Additional prominence has been given to Caribbean Creoles with the publication of Creole dictionaries and with the translation of the New Testament from the Christian Bible into French Creole in St. Lucia. A similar project is under way in Jamaica. While attitudes to local dialects have been slowly changing, many people still associate the use of Creole with negative images and believe that its use should be relegated to specific circumstances and occasions. However, the fact that non-standard language varieties are the most widely spoken in the Caribbean makes them the choice of persons trying to get information to large sections of the society. For example, many advertisers use the Creole language to ensure that their message appeals to most people. At the same time, because of the prestige attached to the standard language, it tends to be the language of choice on formal occasions, like church services. A language variety is usually chosen because of its perceived social functions. You may have noticed that, the more formal the occasion, the more likely the use of the standard language, while for everyday interaction, popular music or emotional appeals, people tend to gravitate towards the non-standard varieties. You would have noticed that, even in a formal situation, non-standard dialect might be used for anecdotes, to inject humour or in a quotation. In the Caribbean, people switching from one code of language to another, often without thinking. However, there are times when the use of standard langue would seem totally out of place and would even interfere with semantics. For example, folk stories, folk songs and proverbs seem to lose a certain essence when translated into standard. The role of language as a vehicle for sharing culture is indisputable. Caribbean writers, singers and oral poets have played a major part in fostering acceptance of the Creole languages of the region, by incorporating them into their work and exposing them to the world. Nonetheless, negative attitudes to these languages persist in the minds of many.

Why the Drinking Age Should Stay 21 free essay sample

This act has caused controversy for years, there even is group of 136 college presidents called Amethyst Initiative that support a lower minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). All of these college presidents have signed a petition that agrees with lowering the MLDA. The Amethyst Initiative teamed up with another Association called Choose Responsibly that also believes MLDA should be lowered. The Choose Responsibility association published an informative letter written by John McCardell expressing many arguments and reason why they believe the MLDA should be lowered. I read this article and many other articles that believe the MLDA should be lowered. I disagree with all of them for three reasons my first reason is that lowering the MLDA would increase consumption of minors and cause more binge drinking in America, my second reason is that changing the age to twenty one has saved that many lives, and the third reasons is that the drinking before 21 can delay brain development. Becoming an adult in this country should be a process young Americans should have to deal with getting freedoms and rights on age at a time. There is no way an 18 year old is mature enough to drink without learning how to handle having certain rights and freedoms first. For instance, the national alcohol related fatalities rate in 1984, before the MLDA was raised to 21was 4,612 deaths in a year. Since then in 2006, 2,121 people ages 16 to 20 died in alcohol-related fatalities on U. S. roads, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA). However some supporters of lowering the MLDA such as John McCardell argue the reason the fatalities have decreased is because of improved safety in cars. McCardell states in his article â€Å"improvements in seat-belt use and air bag improvements are the reason the number of fatalities decreased†. However, McCardell forgets to mention that traffic fatalities unrelated to alcohol have also increased 21 percent in the age group of 16 to 20 year olds during the same period of time (NHTSA). In 1984 2,915 people died in unrelated alcohol accidents and in 2006 3,537 died in unrelated accidents (NHTSA). Car safety nothing to do with the drop in alcohol related fatalities, changing the MLDA back to 21 has caused a drop in alcohol related deaths. There are some reasonable arguments that McCardell and other supporters of lowering the MLDA have. One of their biggest arguments is that a large majority of people under 21 drink any ways and many of them dangerously binge drink. This is a true statement according to the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDH) 48% of 18 to 20 year olds consumed alcohol a month prior to the survey and 33 % of 18 and 20 years old binge drinking. However many supporters of lowering MLDA believe the reason these numbers are so high is because alcohol is outlawed and these young people feel the rush of breaking the law. Ruth Eng a supporter of lowering the MLDA writes in her article (Why the Drinking Age Should be Lowerd) â€Å"drinking by teenagers is seen as a forbidden fruit, a badge of rebellion against authority and a symbol adult hood. † However, if Eng s theory is correct the binge drink rates and alcohol consumption rates would lower once young adults turn 21 because it’s finally legal to drink. On the contrast, Eng’s theory is s wrong the rates actually sore higher once American citizens’ enter the age group of 21 to 25 years old, the amount of binge drinkers in this age group increase 12. % and the consumption level jump to 70%(NSDH). These statistics’ prove Engs theory that because Alcohol consumption is illegal for young adults tend to consume alcohol and abuse alcohol more often. If their theory was true the binge drinking rate for 21 to 25 years olds would not be 45. 5% in 2010. Another statistic that proves Engs â€Å"forbidden fruit theory† w rong is the statistic noted by the University of Michigans Monitoring the Future study, they found that a proportion of those 19- to 22-year-olds that binged drank two weeks prior to their surveyed in 1984 was 40. % and their current study in 2006 found that only 38. 1% binged drank 2 weeks prior to the recent survey, Which; proves that the 1984 act has decreased binge drinking by 2% in America. This drop in binge drinking rates may only be a small drop in binge drinking rates. Which, convey that Americans do have a high percentage of binge drinkers. This problem brings up another argument that supporters of lowering the drinking age bring up. Supporters of lowering the MLDA compared America to other countries that have a minimum drinking age of 18. Supporters of lowering the MLDA say that in countries where the drinking age 18 young people drink smarter. John McCardell points out some interesting statistic he states† in southern European countries ratios of all drinking occasions to intoxication occasions were quite low roughly one in ten while in the United States, almost half of all drinking occasions involving 15 and 16 year-olds resulted in intoxication. † McCardell statistic is partially correct all of the southern European countries 15 and 16 year olds do have lower rates of intoxication than Americas 15 and 16 year old except Spain. According to the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (EPAS) this southern European country reported that 25% of 15 and 16 year old in the survey were intoxicated in the previous month. In Comparison, to America were only 18% of 15 to 16 year olds were intoxicated in the previous month. McCardell also left some important information out that the U. K, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, and Austria all had higher intoxication rates in the month prior to the survey in the age group of 15 and 16 years old. All of these countries have a minimum drinking age no higher than 18 years old and are northern and eastern European countries. Getting drunk at the young ages of 15 and 16 years old is not safe at all because the brain is still developing at that age. The American Medical Association (AMA) reported in their Article Drinking Underage is D. U. M. B that â€Å"the brain goes through dynamic change during adolescence, and alcohol can seriously damage long- and short-term growth processes. They explain that the â€Å"Frontal lobe development and the refinement of pathways and connections in the brain continues until age 16, and a high rate of energy is used as the brain matures until age 20(AMA). † This is important to know because Alcohol is a chemical that damages the hippocampus and prefrontal lobe areas of the brain. This damagebeing done can impair short term memory and makes learning much harder for teens. The AMA revealed 4 research findings in their article on studies done on adolescents that use alcohol. The first research finding was that adolescent drinkers scored worse than non-users on vocabulary, general information, memory. The second finding was memory retrieval and at least three other tests Verbal and nonverbal information recall was most heavily affected, with a 10 percent performance decrease in alcohol users. The third finding was that adolescent drinkers perform worse in school, are more likely to fall behind and have an increased risk of social problems, depression, suicidal thoughts and violence. The fourth and final finding was Alcohol affects the sleep cycle, resulting in impaired learning and memory as well as disrupted release of hormones necessary for growth and maturation. After hearing all the damage that alcohol can do to a teenager’s brain it would be absurd for America to lower the drinking age, especially after hearing that countries with MLDA’s of 18 have a higher consumption rate at the age 15 and 16 years old. The age of 21 is the perfect age to start consuming alcohol because the brain has fully developed. I personally got the chills from hearing these facts because I have been drinking since I was 13 years old and been binge drinking since I was 16 years old. The AMAs’ article has started me thinking about how much brain damage I have probably given myself. Until about a year ago always believed that the age of consumption should be lowered to 18. My parents would always hear me repeatedly say â€Å"if I am old enough to die for my country why can’t I be old enough to by a beer. I did not start to realize why the MLDA being 21 is such a good thing until I was about 20 years old. I started to realize that each year I got older it became easier for me to get alcohol and if I had as much accessibility to alcohol as I do now there would be no way I would be mature enough to handle and control my partying habits. I explained this to my father a man who grew up when the drinking age was eighteen and he agreed with. My father told me â€Å"it’s a good thing they lowered the drinking age thing were way to out of hand back then† he went on to tell me all kinds of insane stories consisting of bar fights, motor vehicle accidents, and many other ridiculously wild events that involved alcohol. I feel I grew up during a much safer time period than he did because alcohol is harder to acquire and places to drink it illegally are harder to find. If the drinking age was lower than 21 I personally believe my chances of dying would have been greatly increased. Becoming adult in America should be a process; 18 year olds should have to take on responsibilities such as voting, jury duty, serving their country if at war, and learning to live on their own. These responsibilities and rights given to young adult’s help Americans mature at a steady pace. Giving a person a whole bunch of freedom and responsibilities all at once could result in chaos. The young adult may not be mature enough to handle it all. That’s why I thinking keeping the drinking age 21 is good for America. It has been proven that keeping MLDA to 21 helps prevent alcohol related fatalities, prevents young adults under 21 from binge drinking, and prevents teenagers from damaging brain development because alcohol is hard to acquire at such a young age. I believe the focus should not be on lowering the drinking age but the focus should be on coming up with new laws that prevent underage drinking. There is a problem in America with the amount of minors and young adults excessively drinking. The government needs to focus on ways to prevent the amount of young adults in this nation from drinking. .